Absolutely, understanding binary numbering is crucial for various aspects of computer science, including subnetting and network operations. Here's a continuation and completion of your explanation:

Binary Numbering and Operations:

• Binary numbers are represented using two digits, 0 and 1, similar to how decimal numbers use digits from 0 to 9.
• Binary numbering uses base 2, as opposed to decimal numbering which uses base 10.
• The process of counting, adding, and subtracting binary numbers is fundamentally the same as with decimal numbers.
• Binary numbers are crucial in computer systems due to the inherent nature of how digital logic works.

Binary Counting and Arithmetic:

• In binary counting, you count from 0 to 1 and then carry over to the next column, similarly to decimal counting.
• Adding binary numbers is straightforward: 0 + 0 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 0 = 1, 1 + 1 = 10 (carry over).
• Binary addition is simpler than decimal addition due to only four possible scenarios.
• Binary numbers are represented using bits, with each bit being a power of 2 (2^0, 2^1, 2^2, ...).

Binary Operators: AND and OR:

• Binary operators, such as AND and OR, are fundamental in computer logic.
• In computer logic, 1 is considered true and 0 is considered false.
• The OR operator returns true if either operand is true: X OR Y = Z (1 OR 0 = 1, 0 OR 0 = 0).
• The AND operator returns true only if both operands are true: X AND Y = Z (1 AND 1 = 1, 1 AND 0 = 0, 0 AND 0 = 0).

Subnet Masks and Binary Logic:

• Subnet masks are used to determine if two IP addresses are on the same network.