Domain Name System (DNS) and Domain Registrars:

DNS Hierarchy and Unique Domain Names:

• DNS is managed in a tiered hierarchy, with ICANN overseeing the top-level domains (TLDs).
• Domain names must be globally unique to ensure proper functioning of DNS.
• Registrars are responsible for assigning individual domain names to organizations or individuals.

Evolution of Registrars:

• Originally, Network Solutions Inc. was a major registrar, handling non-country-specific domains.
• As the internet grew, demand for competition led to the expansion of registrar options.
• Agreement between the U.S. government and Network Solutions Inc. allowed other companies to sell domain names.
• Today, there are numerous registrars worldwide.

Domain Registration Process:

1. Account Creation: Create an account with a registrar.
2. Domain Availability Check: Use the registrar's web interface to search for available domain names.
3. Agree on Terms: Agree on the price and duration of the domain registration.
4. Choose Authoritative Name Servers: Decide whether to use registrar's name servers or configure your own as authoritative.

Domain Transfers:

• Domain names can be transferred from one party to another or from one registrar to another.
• Recipient registrar generates a unique transfer code to prove ownership and transfer permission.
• This code is often added as a text record in DNS settings for confirmation.