Certainly, let's delve into the final steps of how the physical layer works, including the termination of twisted pair network cables and the role of network ports:

Termination of Twisted Pair Cables:

• Twisted pair network cables are terminated with a plug that exposes the individual internal wires for connection.
• The most common type of plug used is called an RJ-45 (Registered Jack 45), which is the standard for connecting network devices.
• An RJ-45 plug on a network cable can be connected to an RJ-45 network port on devices.

Network Ports and Devices:

• Network ports are typically located directly on the devices that constitute a computer network.
• Switches have numerous network ports to accommodate connections from multiple devices, while servers and desktops usually have a few network ports.
• Laptops, tablets, and phones might not have dedicated network ports.
• Network ports often feature two LEDs: the link light and the activity light.

LED Indicators:

• The link light illuminates when a cable is correctly connected to two powered-on devices.
• The activity light flashes when data is actively being transmitted across the cable.
• In the past, the activity light directly correlated with the transmission of ones and zeros, but with modern high-speed networks, it primarily indicates the presence of traffic.
• On switches, the same LED might indicate both link and activity status, and it could provide information on link speed or other conditions.

Network Ports in Various Environments:

• Sometimes, network ports are not directly connected to devices; they might be situated in walls or under desks.